Khmer




Khmer









































Khmer (ភាសាខ្មែរ
Phéasa Khmér)
Spoken in: Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, USA, France, Australia
Region:
Total speakers: 13,276,639 [1]
Ranking: Not in top 100
Genetic classification: Austroasiatic

 Mon-Khmer
  Eastern Mon-Khmer
   Khmer

Official status
Official language of: Cambodia
Regulated by: -
Language codes
ISO 639-1 km
ISO 639-2 khm
SIL KMR
See also: Language – List of languages

Khmer is one of the main Austroasiatic languages. Sanskrit and Pali have had considerable influence on the language, khmer song through the vehicles of Buddhism and Hinduism. As result of their geographic proximity, the Khmer language khmer maps has influenced Thai khmer hooker and Laotian and vice versa.


Khmer is somewhat unusual among its neighboring crops grown by the khmer culture languages (Thai, Laotian and Vietnamese) in that khmer women khmer currency it is not a tonal language.








Phonology


Modern Standard Khmer has the following consonant and vowel phonemes. (Please note: The phonological system described here is the inventory of sounds of the spoken language, not how in what year did the khmer rouge rule cambodia they are written in the Khmer alphabet.)




Consonants
















































Labial Apical Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive pʰ p ɓ tʰ t ɗ cʰ c kʰ k ʔ
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Liquid r l
Fricative s h
Approximant ʋ j

The consonants /f/, /ʃ/, /z/ and /g/ occur only in loanwords from French and other recent introductions.




Vowel nuclei



















































Short vowels i e ɨ ə a ɑ u o
Long vowels i ɛː ɨː əː ɑː ɔː
Long Diphthongs ei ae ɨə əɨ ɑo ou ɔə
Short Diphthongs eə̆ uə̆ oə̆

It must be noted that the precise number and the phonetic value of vowel nuclei vary from dialect to dialect.




Syllables khmer empire and words


Khmer words are predominantly of khmer kid one or two syllables. khmer phrase book There are 85 possible clusters of two consonants at the beginning of syllables and two khmer culture three-consonant clusters with phonetic alterations as shown below:






























































































































































































p ɓ t ɗ c k ʔ m n ɲ ŋ j l r s h ʋ
p pʰt- - pʰc pʰk- - pʰn- pʰɲ- pʰŋ- pʰj- pʰl- pr- ps-
t tʰp- tʰk- - tʰm- tʰn- tʰŋ- tʰj- tʰl- tr- tʰʋ
c cʰp- cʰk- - cʰm- cʰn- cʰŋ- cʰl- cr- cʰʋ-
k kʰp- kʰt- - kʰc - kʰm- kʰn- kʰɲ- - kʰj- kʰl- kr- ks- kʰʋ-
s sp- st- - sk- - sm- sn- - - sl- sr-
ʔ ʔʋ-
m mt- - mc - mʰn- mʰɲ- ml- mr- ms- mh-
l lp- lk- - lm- - lh- -

Syllables begin with one of these consonants or consonant khmer people clusters, followed khmer actress by one of the vowel nuclei. When the vowel nucleus is khmer short, there has to be khmer rouge a khmer kid smoke weed lyrics final consonant. /p/ /t/ /c/ /k/ /ʔ/ /m/ /n/ /ɲ/ /ŋ/ /l/ /h/ /j/ and /ʋ/, can exist in a syllable coda. /h/ and /ʋ/ become [ç] and [w] respectively. The most common word structure in Khmer is a full syllable as described above, preceded by an unstressed, “minor” syllable that has a consonant-vowel (CV) structure CV-, CrV-, CVN- or CrVN- (N is any nasal in the Khmer inventory). The vowel in these “minor” syllables is usually reduced to [ə] in the spoken language.


Words can also be made khmer kickboxing up of two full syllables.


Words with three khmer news or more soldiers of khmer rouge khmer online syllables are mostly loanwords from other languages, usually Pali, angkor wat khmer rouge Sanskrit, or French.




Dialects


Dialects are sometimes quite marked; notable variations are found in speakers from Phnom Penh (the capital city), Battambang in the countryside and the northern dialects of Thailand khmer rouge leader (such as in Surin province).


A notable khmer rouge 1975 1979 characteristic of the Phnom Penh accent is a tendency towards what might be considered khmer stars "relaxed" pronunciation, with some parts slurred together khmer movie or dropped entirely. For instance, khmer language "Phnom Penh" how to learn to speek khmer will khmer music sometimes be shortened to "m'Penh". Another characteristic of the Phnom Penh accent is observed in words with an "r" in the second position of the first syllable (that khmer empire kickboxing is, where "r" is the second consonant, as in the English word khmer profile "bread"). khmer civilization The "r" is not pronounced, how was the khmer culture conquered and the first consonant is khmer birth ceremony pronounced harder than usual, and the khmer culture art syllable khmer rap is spoken with a dipping tone much like the "hỏi" tone in Vietnamese. For example, some people pronounce "dreey" (meaning khmer rouge history "fish") as "te"; the "d" becomes a "t", and the vowel (similar to "long A" in English) begins low and rises in tone. Another example is the word for orange: it is pronounced kroich (the older form) by those in the countryside, but simply koich (without the r) by those in the city.




Grammar


Word order khmer rouge massacres in Khmer is generally Subject Verb khmer culture information Object. Khmer how did the khmer rouge take power in cambodia radio in khmer is primarily cambodia khmer khmer kickboxing techniques rouge an isolating language, but lexical derivation by means khmer art of prefixes and infixes is common.




Writing system


Khmer is written with the Khmer alphabet. Khmer numerals, where were inherited from Indian numerals, are used more widely than Arabic numerals.




References



  • Ferlus, Michel. 1992. Essai de phonétique historique du khmer (Du milieu du premier millénaire de notre ère à l'époque actuelle)", Mon-Khmer Studies XXI: 57-89)
  • Headley, Robert et. al. 1977. Cambodian-English Dictionary. Washington, khmer girl Catholic University Press.
  • Huffman, Franklin. 1967. An outline of Cambodian Grammar. PhD thesis, ancient khmer Cornell University.
  • Huffman, Franklin. 1970. Cambodian System of Writing and Beginning Reader. khmer alphabet Yale University Press. ISBN 0300013140 khmer rough
  • Jacob, Judith. 1974. A Concise Cambodian-English Dictionary. London, Oxford khmer girls University Press. khmer boy



External links





Khmer language edition of Wikipedia


  • Ethnologue entry on Khmer
  • Khmer language: its historical development

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